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C. Vijayaraghavachariar
Chakravarti Vijayaraghavachariar〔 (18 June 1852 – 19 April 1944) was an Indian politician. He rose to prominence following his appeal against the charges alleging him to have instigated a Hindu – Muslim riot in Salem (now in Tamil Nadu). The legal battle and eventual victory in proving his innocence earned him the title The Lion of South India.
He entered politics as a member of the Salem Municipal Council in 1882. His prominence in the national media and friendship with Allan Octavian Hume, a civil servant and reformer, led him to be invited to the first sessions of the Indian National Congress. Once within the Congress, he rose to serve as its president in 1920.
He played a key role in framing the Swaraj Constitution. He also was part of the Propaganda Committee of the Congress and thus served in spreading the ideologies of the party to the masses. Apart from his role in the Congress, he also served as the president of Hindu Mahasabha, a Hindu nationalist party, in 1931.
==Early years==
Vijayaraghavachariar was born on 18 June 1852 into a Vaishnavite Brahmin family in the village of Pon Vilaindha Kalathur, in the district of Chengalpattu in the state of Madras Presidency, in what was then the British Raj. His father, Sadagoparchariar, was a priest and raised his son as an orthodox religious believer. At a very early age, Vijayaraghavachariar was sent to a school in his village〔 where he learned Sanskrit and the Vedas, the holy language and the scriptures of Hinduism respectively. His English education began when he was twelve. He joined the Pachaiyappa High School and passed out in 1870,〔 ranking second in the Madras Presidency,〔 the province that included most of South India. He joined Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) the following year, graduated in 1875,〔 and the same year was appointed a lecturer there. He was transferred to the Government College, Mangalore, and after three years resigned his post. Subsequently he joined the Salem Municipal College as a lecturer in English and mathematics.
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